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      <div class="post-title">Rabbitmq笔记</div>
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          2021-08-23 16:51:42
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                  <a href="/categories/MQ/" title="MQ">
                    <b>#</b> MQ
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                  <a href="/categories/MQ/%E5%90%8E%E7%AB%AF/" title="后端">
                    <b>#</b> 后端
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                    #中间件
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                    #Rabbitmq
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        <p>[TOC]</p>
<h1 id="AMQP简介"><a href="#AMQP简介" class="headerlink" title="AMQP简介"></a>AMQP简介</h1><p>AMQP（高级消息队列协议）是一个网络协议。它支持符合要求的客户端应用（application）和消息中间件代理（messaging middleware broker）之间进行通信。</p>
<h2 id="消息代理和他们所扮演的角色"><a href="#消息代理和他们所扮演的角色" class="headerlink" title="消息代理和他们所扮演的角色"></a>消息代理和他们所扮演的角色</h2><p>消息代理（message brokers）从发布者（publishers）亦称生产者（producers）那儿接收消息，并根据既定的路由规则把接收到的消息发送给处理消息的消费者（consumers）。</p>
<p>由于AMQP是一个网络协议，所以这个过程中的发布者，消费者，消息代理 可以存在于不同的设备上。</p>
<h2 id="AMQP-0-9-1-模型简介"><a href="#AMQP-0-9-1-模型简介" class="headerlink" title="AMQP 0-9-1 模型简介"></a>AMQP 0-9-1 模型简介</h2><p>AMQP 0-9-1的工作过程如下图：消息（message）被发布者（publisher）发送给交换机（exchange），交换机常常被比喻成邮局或者邮箱。然后交换机将收到的消息根据路由规则分发给绑定的队列（queue）。最后AMQP代理会将消息投递给订阅了此队列的消费者，或者消费者按照需求自行获取。</p>
<p><img src="http://qiniu.c77544s.top/picgo/202210121456833.png" alt="hello-world-example-routing"></p>
<h2 id="AMQP是一个可编程的协议"><a href="#AMQP是一个可编程的协议" class="headerlink" title="AMQP是一个可编程的协议"></a>AMQP是一个可编程的协议</h2><p>AMQP 0-9-1是一个可编程协议，某种意义上说AMQP的实体和路由规则是由应用本身定义的，而不是由消息代理定义。包括像声明队列和交换机，定义他们之间的绑定，订阅队列等等关于协议本身的操作。</p>
<p>这虽然能让开发人员自由发挥，但也需要他们注意潜在的定义冲突。当然这在实践中很少会发生，如果发生，会以配置错误（misconfiguration）的形式表现出来。</p>
<p>应用程序（Applications）声明AMQP实体，定义需要的路由方案，或者删除不再需要的AMQP实体。</p>
<h2 id="交换机和交换机类型"><a href="#交换机和交换机类型" class="headerlink" title="交换机和交换机类型"></a>交换机和交换机类型</h2><p>交换机是用来发送消息的AMQP实体。交换机拿到一个消息之后将它路由给一个或零个队列。它使用哪种路由算法是由交换机类型和被称作绑定（bindings）的规则所决定的。AMQP 0-9-1的代理提供了四种交换机</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Name（交换机类型）</th>
<th>Default pre-declared names（预声明的默认名称）</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>Direct exchange（直连交换机）</td>
<td>(Empty string) and amq.direct</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fanout exchange（扇型交换机）</td>
<td>amq.fanout</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Topic exchange（主题交换机）</td>
<td>amq.topic</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Headers exchange（头交换机）</td>
<td>amq.match (and amq.headers in RabbitMQ)</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>除交换机类型外，在声明交换机时还可以附带许多其他的属性，其中最重要的几个分别是：</p>
<ul>
<li>Name</li>
<li>Durability （消息代理重启后，交换机是否还存在）</li>
<li>Auto-delete （当所有与之绑定的消息队列都完成了对此交换机的使用后，删掉它）</li>
<li>Arguments（依赖代理本身）</li>
</ul>
<p>交换机可以有两个状态：持久（durable）、暂存（transient）。持久化的交换机会在消息代理（broker）重启后依旧存在，而暂存的交换机则不会（它们需要在代理再次上线后重新被声明）。然而并不是所有的应用场景都需要持久化的交换机。</p>

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        <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#AMQP%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B"><span class="toc-text">AMQP简介</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E5%92%8C%E4%BB%96%E4%BB%AC%E6%89%80%E6%89%AE%E6%BC%94%E7%9A%84%E8%A7%92%E8%89%B2"><span class="toc-text">消息代理和他们所扮演的角色</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#AMQP-0-9-1-%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E7%AE%80%E4%BB%8B"><span class="toc-text">AMQP 0-9-1 模型简介</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#AMQP%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E5%8F%AF%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE"><span class="toc-text">AMQP是一个可编程的协议</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA%E5%92%8C%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E6%9C%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B"><span class="toc-text">交换机和交换机类型</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
      
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